Q.41 What characteristic of read-only memory (ROM) makes it useful?
ROM information can be easily updated
Data in ROM is non-volatile, remaining even without power
ROM provides very large amounts of inexpensive data storage
None
Explanation
ROM is non-volatile memory, meaning it retains its stored information even after the power is turned off, making it ideal for storing start-up instructions.
Q.42 What do you call the programs that are used to find out possible faults and their causes?
Operating system extensions
Cookies
Diagnostic software
Boot diskettes
Explanation
Diagnostic software is designed to test computer hardware and software to ensure they are functioning correctly and to identify specific errors.
Q.43 Which programming languages are classified as low-level languages?
BASIC, COBOL, Fortran
Prolog
C, C++
Assembly languages
Explanation
Low-level languages, such as Assembly and Machine language, provide little or no abstraction from a computer’s instruction set architecture.
Q.44 Which of the following is NOT an anti-virus software?
NAV
F-Prot
Oracle
McAfee
Explanation
Oracle is a powerful Database Management System (DBMS), not an anti-virus utility like NAV, F-Prot, or McAfee.
Q.45 Which device is required for an internet connection?
Joystick
Modem
CD Drive
NIC Card
Explanation
A modem (Modulator-Demodulator) is necessary to convert digital data from a computer into a format suitable for transmission over phone or cable lines.
Q.46 What does DMA stand for?
Distinct Memory Access
Direct Memory Access
Direct Module Access
None
Explanation
Direct Memory Access (DMA) allows certain hardware subsystems to access main system memory independently of the central processing unit (CPU).
Q.47 Which of the following is considered a storage device?
Tape
Hard disk
Floppy disk
All of the above
Explanation
Magnetic tapes, hard disks, and floppy disks are all media used to store data permanently in a computer system.
Q.48 ________ is data that has been organized and presented in a meaningful fashion?
Information
Output
Data
Storage
Explanation
Information is the processed and meaningful version of raw data that allows for decision-making and analysis.
Q.49 A normal CD-ROM usually can store up to how much data?
680 KB
164 MB
680 MB
None
Explanation
A standard CD-ROM has a storage capacity ranging from 650 MB to 700 MB, with 680 MB being a very common standard.
Q.50 The earliest known calculating device is the?
Calculator
Abacus
Difference engine
None
Explanation
The Abacus is considered the first mechanical device used for calculation, dating back thousands of years.
Q.51 What is a light pen?
Mechanical input device
Optical input device
Electronic input device
NIC Card
Explanation
A light pen is an optical input device used to select items or draw on a computer screen by detecting light.
Q.52 What does BCD stand for?
Binary Coded Decimal
Bit Coded Decimal
Binary Coded Digit
Bot Coded Digit
Explanation
Binary Coded Decimal (BCD) is a class of binary encodings of decimal numbers where each digit is represented by a fixed number of bits.
Q.53 What does ASCII stand for?
American Stable Coded for International Interchange
American State Coded for International Interchange
American Standard Code for Information Interchange
American Standard Case for International Interchange
Explanation
ASCII is a character encoding standard for electronic communication, representing text in computers and other devices.
Q.54 Which of the following is a first-generation computer?
EDSAC
IBM-1405
CDC-1604
ICL-2900
Explanation
EDSAC (Electronic Delay Storage Automatic Calculator) was an early British computer and belongs to the first generation (vacuum tube era).
Q.55 The chief component of the first-generation computer was?
Transistors
Vacuum tubes and valves
Integrated circuits
None
Explanation
First-generation computers (1940-1956) relied on vacuum tubes for circuitry and magnetic drums for memory.
Q.56 What does the programming language FORTRAN stand for?
File Translation
Floppy Translation
Formula Translation
None
Explanation
FORTRAN (Formula Translation) was the first high-level programming language, designed specifically for scientific and engineering applications.
Q.57 What does EEPROM stand for?
Electrically Erasable Programmable Read Only Memory
Easily Erasable Programmable Read Only Memory
Electronic Erasable Programmable Read Only Memory
None
Explanation
EEPROM (Electrically Erasable Programmable Read-Only Memory) is a type of non-volatile memory used in computers to store small amounts of data.
Q.58 Second-generation computers were developed primarily during which period?
1949 to 1955
1956 to 1965
1965 to 1970
None
Explanation
The second generation of computers is generally cited as the period between 1956 and 1965, characterized by the use of transistors.
Q.59 The physical size of computers was exceptionally large in which generation?
First Generation
Second Generation
Third Generation
None
Explanation
First-generation computers used thousands of vacuum tubes, which generated immense heat and required entire rooms for installation.
Q.60 Microprocessors as switching devices were introduced in which generation of computers?
First Generation
Second Generation
Third Generation
Fourth Generation
Explanation
The fourth generation of computers began with the invention of the microprocessor, which integrated thousands of circuits onto a single silicon chip.
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