Which component in an IoT system converts an electrical signal into a physical movement or mechanical action?
Actuators (e.g., relays, motors, solenoids) take electrical signals from microcontrollers and produce physical motion or force.
Which of the following is an active sensor that emits its own energy/signal to detect targets?
An active sensor (like ultrasonic HC-SR04 or LiDAR) transmits its own sound/light wave to sense distance, unlike passive sensors (LDR, PIR) which rely on ambient energy.
What is the key advantage of Edge Computing over traditional Cloud Computing in IoT applications?
Edge computing processes sensor data locally at or near the edge device, reducing network latency, preserving bandwidth, and enabling real-time decision making.
In IoT middleware, what is the role of a 'Publish/Subscribe' message broker?
Publish/Subscribe middleware brokers (e.g., Mosquitto MQTT broker) decouple devices in space and time; publishers send messages to topics without knowing who subscribers are.
Which IoT toolkit application uses a visual node-based flow editor for wiring hardware devices, APIs, and online services?
Node-RED is a flow-based development tool built on Node.js widely used for end-user participation and visual IoT application wiring.