Which layer of the IoT protocol stack does the CoAP protocol belong to?
CoAP is an application layer web transfer protocol designed for constrained nodes and networks.
What is 'Fog Computing' in relation to Cloud Computing and Edge Computing?
Fog computing (coined by Cisco) sits between the edge and cloud, processing local node data at local gateways or fog nodes.
Which architectural reference models are widely used in Industrial Internet of Things (IIoT) and Industry 4.0 system design?
RAMI 4.0 and the Industrial Internet Reference Architecture (IIRA) are widely used reference frameworks for Industry 4.0 and IIoT architecture.
What is the purpose of a 'Heartbeat Signal' in IoT monitoring networks?
Heartbeat signals allow servers or brokers to track node health and detect silent offline failures immediately.
In RFID technology, what is the 'Electronic Product Code' (EPC)?
EPC is a global standard managed by GS1 that provides distinct identity numbers for individual items via RFID.