How is system Availability (A) defined mathematically using MTTF and MTTR?
Option C is correct. Availability measures the operational readiness uptime percentage: A = MTTF / (MTTF + MTTR) = MTTF / MTBF.
According to Lehman's Laws of Software Evolution, what happens to a software system's internal complexity over time unless active maintenance is performed?
Option C is correct. Lehman's Law of Increasing Complexity states that as a system evolves, its internal complexity increases unless work is done to reduce or maintain it.
Which discipline manages baseline versions, code repositories, branch control, and release tracking throughout the software engineering lifespan?
Option B is correct. Software Configuration Management (SCM) controls and tracks changes to software artifacts, source repositories, version baselines, and releases.
In software testing, what axiom articulated by Edsger W. Dijkstra highlights the fundamental limitation of software testing activities?
Option C is correct. Dijkstra famously stated: 'Program testing can be used to show the presence of bugs, but never to show their absence!', reinforcing that testing cannot prove perfection.
In Software Testing principles, what term describes the phenomenon where repeating the exact same set of test cases over time stops discovering new defects?
Option A is correct. The Pesticide Paradox principle states that if the same tests are repeated over and over again, eventually the same set of test cases will no longer find any new bugs.