Which architectural style breaks a monolithic system into small, independently deployable services communicating over lightweight RESTful APIs?
Option E is correct. Microservices Architecture structures applications as a collection of loosely coupled, independently scalable, single-purpose web services.
What design technique isolates module implementation details behind well-defined public interfaces, hiding internal data representations from outside callers?
Option A is correct. David Parnas' Information Hiding principle hides internal design choices and volatile data representations behind stable interfaces to minimize ripple changes.
Which GoF design pattern attaches additional dynamic responsibilities to an object flexibly without altering its original underlying class structure?
Option B is correct. The Decorator Structural Pattern wraps objects dynamically to add new behavior or features without modifying the target class source code.
In Thomas McCabe's Cyclomatic Complexity metric, what formula calculates the number of linearly independent paths in a strongly connected Control Flow Graph with E edges and N nodes?
Option B is correct. Cyclomatic Complexity V(G) = E - N + 2P (where E = edges, N = nodes, P = connected components). For a single program control flow graph (P=1), V(G) = E - N + 2.
In a Control Flow Graph with P predicate (decision) nodes, what is the shortcut formula for Cyclomatic Complexity V(G)?
Option C is correct. For any control flow graph where decision points have binary branching, Cyclomatic Complexity equals the number of predicate nodes plus 1: V(G) = P + 1.