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Q.1 A program in execution is called?
Process
Software
Compiler
Application
Explanation
A process is an instance of a computer program that is being executed.
Q.2 A program is an — entity.
Active
Passive
Both A & B
None
Explanation
A program is a passive entity (like a file on disk), while a process is an active entity with a program counter.
Q.3 Process is?
Software
A Program in execution
Contents of main memory
None
Explanation
A process is fundamentally defined as a program currently being executed by the CPU.
Q.4 Which system call is used in unix to terminate the execution of process?
Fork
Create
Exit
Exe
Explanation
The exit() system call is used by a process to terminate its own execution and return control to the parent process or OS.
Q.5 Which of the following does not interrupt the running process?
Timer interrupt
Power failure
Scheduler process
None
Explanation
Timer interrupts and power failures are hardware-driven interrupts that halt a process; the scheduler is a kernel function that manages process states but isn’t an interrupt signal itself.
Q.6 A program is an active entity.
True
False
May be
None
Explanation
False. A program is a passive set of instructions; the process is the active execution of those instructions.
Q.7 CPU performance is measured through?
Hit ratio
Throughput
MHz
None
Explanation
Throughput, the number of processes completed per unit of time, is a common measure of CPU scheduling performance.
Q.8 —- is used to store temporary data for process?
Data Section
Stack
Heap
Program Counter
Explanation
The process stack contains temporary data such as function parameters, return addresses, and local variables.
Q.9 — Memory that is dynamically allocated during process execution?
Data Section
Stack
Heap
Program Counter
Explanation
The heap is a block of memory used for dynamic allocation during the runtime of a process.
Q.10 A process stack does not contain?
Local variable
Function parameters
PID of child process
Return addresses
Explanation
Local variables, parameters, and return addresses are stored on the stack. The Process ID (PID) of a child is typically stored in the Process Control Block (PCB).
Q.11 A process structure does not contain
Code
stack
Data
Bootstrap program
Explanation
A process consists of code, stack, heap, and data. The bootstrap program is used to start the computer and is not part of a standard user process.
Q.12 Why is CPU Scheduling done
Increase CPU Utilisation
Decrease CPU Utilisation
Decrease cost
None
Explanation
CPU scheduling is performed to keep the CPU as busy as possible, thereby maximizing its utilization.
Q.13 The most optimal CPU scheduling algorithm is
Shortest job first
First come first serve
Round robin
None
Explanation
Shortest Job First (SJF) is considered optimal because it results in the minimum average waiting time for a specific set of processes.
Q.14 Which of the following is not process state?
New
Running
Ready
Finished
Explanation
Standard process states are New, Ready, Running, Waiting, and Terminated. ‘Finished’ is not a formal state name.
Q.15 Which of the following is not the state of process
New
Old
Waiting
Running
Explanation
Old’ is not a valid state in the standard process state model.
Q.16 The state of a process is defined by
The final activity of the process
The activity just executed by the process
The activity to next be executed by the process
The current activity of the process
Explanation
The state of a process reflects what the process is currently doing (e.g., waiting for I/O, executing on the CPU).
Q.17 What is the ready state of a process?
When process is scheduled to run after some execution
When process is unable to run until some task has been completed
When process is using the CPU
None
Explanation
In the ready state, a process is loaded into main memory and is waiting for the CPU to start its execution.
Q.18 Running multiple programs at the same time is called:
Multitasking
Foreground tasking
Single tasking
None
Explanation
Multitasking is the concurrent execution of multiple tasks (processes) over a certain period of time.
Q.19 Only state transition that is initiated by the user process itself is?
Dispatch
Block
Backup
None
Explanation
A process blocks itself when it initiates an I/O request and must wait for the result.
Q.20 Suppose that a process is in 'BLOCKED' state waiting for some I/O service. When the service is completed, it goes to the
Ready state
Block State
Running State
Terminated state
Explanation
When a blocked process finishes its I/O or the event it was waiting for occurs, it moves to the ready state to wait for CPU time.