A router has an empty output queue when a packet arrives. Which delay component is zero under the usual simplified model?
With no waiting packets, the packet experiences essentially zero queueing delay.
Which switching method sends a complete message to an intermediate node before forwarding it?
Message switching uses store-and-forward of the complete message at intermediate nodes.
Which packet-switching approach does not require a connection setup before sending each packet?
Datagram networks forward packets independently without a prior virtual-circuit setup.
In a virtual-circuit network, what identifier is commonly carried in packets after setup?
Packets in a virtual circuit use a short circuit identifier such as a VCI.
What is the main purpose of packet switching compared with circuit switching for bursty traffic?
Packet switching statistically multiplexes traffic and shares capacity among active users.