In a ring topology, each node is normally connected directly to how many neighboring nodes?
A basic ring connects each node to two adjacent nodes.
Which transmission mode permits communication in both directions but not simultaneously?
Half-duplex permits transmission in either direction, but not at the same time.
Which term describes the time required to place all bits of a packet onto a link?
Transmission delay is L/R, where L is packet length and R is link rate.
Which delay depends primarily on physical distance and signal propagation speed?
Propagation delay is d/v and depends on distance and propagation speed.
A 12,000-bit packet is sent over a 6 Mbps link. What is its transmission delay?
$T_{x} = L/R = 12,000/6,000,000 = 0.002 s = 2 ms.$