Which GoF structural design pattern dynamically attaches additional responsibilities to an object at runtime as an alternative to subclassing?
Option C is correct. The Decorator Pattern dynamically adds new behavior or functionality to an object without altering its structure or using class inheritance.
In project management, what project scheduling diagram represents project activities as nodes connected by arrows to determine activity dependencies and critical paths?
Option A is correct. PERT (Program Evaluation and Review Technique) and CPM (Critical Path Method) use network diagrams to visually model project activity sequences and task dependencies.
In Critical Path Method (CPM), what is defined as the sequence of dependent project tasks that determines the absolute minimum total duration required to complete the project?
Option B is correct. The Critical Path is the longest path of dependent activities in a network diagram, having zero float/slack. Any delay in a critical path task directly delays the final delivery date.
In PERT estimation, if Optimistic time is $T_o$, Most Likely time is $T_m$, and Pessimistic time is $T_p$, what is the formula for calculating Expected Duration ($T_e$)?
Option C is correct. The PERT weighted average formula assigns a weight of 4 to the most likely time: $T_e = \frac{T_o + 4T_m + T_p}{6}$.
What project management term describes the total allowable time an activity can be delayed without delaying the overall project completion date?
Option A is correct. Total Float or Slack represents the flexibility in scheduling a non-critical activity without impacting the final project deadline.