What is OPC UA (Open Platform Communications Unified Architecture) in IIoT?
OPC UA is the cornerstone industrial interoperability standard for Industry 4.0 and IIoT, enabling cross-vendor communication from embedded sensors up to cloud enterprise systems.
In IoT software agent frameworks, what is a 'Software Agent'?
Software agents in distributed IoT perform multi-agent resource management, decentralized task synchronization, and collaborative decision-making in production environments.
What is the primary objective of 'Clustering' algorithms in Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) and IoT resource management?
Clustering (e.g., LEACH protocol) organizes nodes into localized clusters. Sensor nodes transmit data to their designated Cluster Head (CH), which aggregates data before sending it to the base station, significantly saving energy.
In Smart Grid applications, what is Demand Response (DR)?
Demand Response uses IoT smart meters and automated home energy management systems to optimize grid stability by shifting non-critical electrical loads away from peak consumption periods.
Which mechanism ensures 'Run-Time Monitoring' in dependable IoT safety systems?
Run-Time Monitoring acts as an active safety observer, detecting safety violations, hardware faults, or malicious state changes in real time so fail-safe actions can be triggered.