What is the 'Frame Problem' in classic AI knowledge representation and planning?
McCarthy and Hayes identified the frame problem: how to efficiently state that moving an object does not change the color of the walls, the weather outside, etc., without enumerating all unaffected facts.
In semantic networks and frame systems, what mechanism allows child concepts or instances to automatically acquire properties defined on their parent classes?
Inheritance allows a subclass or instance (e.g., Tweety) to inherit generic attributes (e.g., has_wings = True) from its parent concept (Bird) via IS-A hierarchies.
In Description Logics and Knowledge Graphs, what are the two distinct components of a knowledge base known as the TBox and ABox?
TBox defines conceptual schema and vocabulary, while ABox contains individual assertions. Both (A) and (B) are correct.
In probabilistic reasoning, what is Bayes' Rule for computing the posterior probability P(Hypothesis | Evidence)?
Bayes' theorem relates conditional and marginal probabilities: Posterior P(H|E) = Likelihood P(E|H) * Prior P(H) / Marginal Evidence P(E).
In a Bayesian Belief Network (Directed Acyclic Graph), what conditional independence property is represented at every node X?
The Markov condition in Bayesian networks asserts that each variable X is conditionally independent of its non-descendants in the graph given its set of parents.