Which command-line tool on Unix/Linux displays active TCP/UDP connections, routing tables, and interface statistics?
The netstat (network statistics) utility displays incoming/outgoing connections, routing tables, and network interface metrics.
Which port does Network Time Protocol (NTP) use for clock synchronization across Internet servers?
NTP synchronizes computer system clocks to coordinated universal time (UTC) over UDP port 123.
What is the purpose of the Simple Network Management Protocol (SNMP)?
SNMP is a network-management protocol used to monitor and manage devices. It retrieves management information represented by objects in Management Information Bases (MIBs). Therefore A and B are correct.
Which protocol is used by the 'traceroute' command on Unix systems to track the route taken by packets across an IP network?
Unix traceroute transmits UDP datagrams to high unassigned ports with incremental TTL (1, 2, 3...). Routers along the path return ICMP Type 11 (Time Exceeded) messages.
What is the broadcast MAC address for an Ethernet local area network?
The Layer-2 Ethernet broadcast address consists of all 48 bits set to 1, represented in hexadecimal notation as FF:FF:FF:FF:FF:FF.