Which statements correctly characterize Generative Adversarial Networks (GANs) introduced by Ian Goodfellow in 2014?
Statements (A), (B), and (C) are all fundamental definitions of Goodfellow's GAN framework.
How does Depth-Limited Search (DLS) prevent standard DFS from failing on infinite paths?
DLS treats nodes at depth limit l as leaf nodes without successors, halting infinite branch descent.
What is the mathematical formulation of Bayes' Rule for computing posterior probability P(H | E)?
Bayes' theorem updates belief in hypothesis H given observed evidence E: Posterior P(H|E) equals Likelihood P(E|H) times Prior P(H), divided by Evidence Marginal P(E).
Which activation function is designed to prevent neurons from becoming permanently inactive by providing a small non-zero slope alpha for negative inputs?
Leaky ReLU introduces a small positive slope (e.g., 0.01) for negative inputs, ensuring a non-zero gradient flows during backpropagation to prevent dying neurons.
How do modern image generation 'Diffusion Models' (such as Stable Diffusion and DALL-E) synthesize realistic images?
Diffusion models gradually corrupt training data with Gaussian noise (forward process) and learn a neural network (typically a U-Net) to reverse this noise step-by-step to generate new images from pure noise.