ISRO PRL Technical Assistant CS/IT 2025

Detailed Explanation:

A NOT gate produces the logical complement of its input.

When the input is 1, the output is 0; when the input is 0, the output is 1.

Detailed Explanation:

Original ASCII is a 7-bit character encoding.

Seven bits provide 2⁷ = 128 possible code values, numbered 0 through 127.

Extended encodings sometimes use 8 bits, but original ASCII uses 7 bits.

Detailed Explanation:

A NOR gate is the negation of an OR gate.

Its output is 1 only when all inputs are 0.

For two inputs, the output is high for 00 and low for 01, 10, and 11.

Detailed Explanation:

A modem is a modulator-demodulator.

Its modulation function converts digital data into a signal suitable for transmission over a communication medium; demodulation recovers data at the receiving end.

The exact waveform depends on the modem and transmission technology, and modern modems do not necessarily use a simple analog telephone signal.

Detailed Explanation:

A single-transistor common-emitter inverter is a basic circuit that produces the logical complement of its input.

This is the NOT (inverter) function.

Strictly, a conventional TTL gate is a multi-transistor circuit; the original wording's use of “TTL” is technically imprecise. The corrected question refers to a simple transistor-inverter circuit.