What will be printed by the following code snippet?
count = 0
for i in range(1, 10, 2):
for j in range(i, 0, -2):
count += 1
print(count)
i values are 1, 3, 5, 7, 9.
For i=1: j=1 (1 step)
For i=3: j=3,1 (2 steps)
For i=5: j=5,3,1 (3 steps)
For i=7: j=7,5,3,1 (4 steps)
For i=9: $j=9,7,5,3,1 (5 steps)$.
Total count = 1 + 2 + 3 + 4 + 5 = 15.
What is the output of the following code?
def outer():
x = 10
def inner():
nonlocal x
x += 5
return x
return inner$f = outer()
print(f(), f())$
The nonlocal variable x persists across calls to closure f. The first call increments x from 10 to 15. The second call increments x from 15 to 20.
How many times is the function foo called in total (including the initial call foo(18, 12))?
def foo(a, b):
if b == 0:
return a
return foo(b, a % b)Calls are: 1) foo(18, 12) -> foo(12, 6); 2) foo(12, 6) -> foo(6, 0); 3) foo(6, 0) returns 6. Therefore, the function is called 3 times in total, including the initial call.
What is the output of bool('False') and bool('') in Python?
Any non-empty string in Python evaluates to True, regardless of content (so bool('False') is True). An empty string '' evaluates to False.
What will be the output of len(set('abracadabra'))?
The unique characters in 'abracadabra' are 'a', 'b', 'r', 'c', 'd'. So length of the set is 5.