An 8-port Ethernet Hub connects 8 computers. How many total COLLISION DOMAINS are created?
A Hub is a physical layer repeater that broadcasts all signals. All ports belong to 1 single collision domain.
In HDLC bit stuffing, if data payload is 0111111111110 (11 consecutive 1s), how many '0' bits are inserted during bit stuffing?
Bit pattern has 11 consecutive 1s. A '0' is stuffed after every 5 consecutive 1s. First 5 ones -> insert 0. Next 5 ones -> insert 0. Remaining 1 one -> no insert. Total 2 zeros inserted.
In IEEE 802.3 Ethernet, what is the TOTAL minimum frame size in bytes (including 14-byte MAC header, 46-byte min payload, and 4-byte CRC)?
$14 + 46 + 4 = 64 bytes.$
In IEEE 802.3 Ethernet, what is the TOTAL maximum frame size in bytes (14-byte MAC header + 1500-byte max payload + 4-byte CRC)?
$14 + 1500 + 4 = 1518 bytes.$
A Stop-and-Wait protocol has bandwidth 1 Mbps and 1-way propagation delay 20 ms. If frame size is 1000 bytes (8000 bits), what is the throughput in kbps?
Tx = 8000 bits / 1 Mbps = 8 ms. With one-way propagation delay Tp = 20 ms, stop-and-wait cycle time is Tx + 2Tp = 48 ms. Throughput = 8000 bits / 0.048 $s = 166666.67 bps = 166.67 kbps$.