Which Java 8 Stream API intermediate operation is used to transform each element of a stream into another object using a Function mapper?
Option A is correct. map() is a stateless intermediate operation that takes a Function mapper and transforms each element of the input stream into a corresponding output element.
Which Stream API terminal operation performs a reduction on the elements of the stream using an associative accumulation function and returns an Optional?
Option A is correct. reduce() combines stream elements into a single summary value by repeatedly applying a binary accumulation operator (e.g., sum or max).
Introduced in Java 7, what is the primary benefit of the try-with-resources statement?
Option B is correct. The try-with-resources statement ensures that every resource declared in the try header is automatically closed at the end of the statement, preventing resource leaks.
Which exception is thrown by the Java Virtual Machine when an application attempts to access a member or method of an object reference that points to null?
Option E is correct. NullPointerException (NPE) is an unchecked RuntimeException thrown when invoking a method, accessing a field, or calculating length on a null reference.
Which Java I/O class is specifically designed for efficient reading of characters, arrays, and lines by buffering character data from an underlying Reader?
Option C is correct. BufferedReader reads text from a character-input stream, buffering characters to provide efficient reading of text lines via the readLine() method.