Which IEEE standard forms the physical (PHY) and medium access control (MAC) layer foundation for low-rate wireless personal area networks (LR-WPANs) like Zigbee and 6LoWPAN?
IEEE 802.15.4 specifies the physical layer and media access control for low-rate wireless personal area networks (LR-WPANs), providing the low-power foundation for Zigbee, Thread, and 6LoWPAN.
In Zigbee protocol architecture, which layer is responsible for network formation, routing, device discovery, and joining/leaving networks?
The Zigbee Network (NWK) layer handles network management, routing mechanisms (AODV/Tree routing), neighbor discovery, and network joining/leaving.
Which sub-layer in the Zigbee protocol stack acts as the interface between the Application Framework and the Network Layer, handling binding tables and security key management?
The Application Support Sub-layer (APS) in Zigbee matches devices based on services/bindings, provides security key management, and delivers messages between application endpoints.
Which open communication protocol is widely used in Building Automation and Control Networks (HVAC, lighting control, access control)?
BACnet (Building Automation and Control networks) is an open standard protocol for building automation and control, including HVAC, lighting, and access control.
Which master-slave industrial communication protocol developed by Modicon operates over RS-485/RS-232 serial lines or TCP/IP on port 502?
Modbus is a de facto standard industrial serial communication protocol using a master-slave architecture over RS-232/RS-485 or Modbus TCP over IP port 502.