Which of the following applications primarily rely on UDP rather than TCP?
DNS, DHCP, VoIP/RTP, SNMP, and TFTP all utilize UDP because low overhead, speed, and real-time responsiveness are prioritized over guaranteed delivery.
What is the minimum header size of a TCP segment when no optional parameters are included?
A standard TCP header without options has a minimum size of 20 bytes, and can extend up to a maximum of 60 bytes with options.
What is the minimum size of a TCP header when no options are present?
The minimum TCP header size is 20 bytes when no options are present. Therefore, none of the listed sizes is correct.
In TCP, an acknowledgment number indicates:
TCP uses cumulative acknowledgments where the acknowledgment number N informs the sender that all bytes up to N-1 have been received, and byte N is expected next.
Which control flag in the TCP header is used to initiate a connection establishment?
The SYN (Synchronize Sequence Numbers) flag is used during the three-way handshake to establish a connection and synchronize initial sequence numbers (ISNs).