[Q.1] Which of the following process state transitions is valid in a preemptive operating system when a process's time slice expires?
When a process's CPU time quantum expires in a preemptive round-robin scheduler, it is moved from the Running state back to the Ready queue.
[Q.2] What is the main purpose of the Translation Lookaside Buffer (TLB) in virtual memory systems?
The TLB is a high-speed associative hardware cache that stores recent virtual-to-physical address translations to reduce page table memory access overhead.
[Q.3] In Banker's Algorithm, which condition indicates that the system is currently in a safe state?
A system is in a safe state if the OS can allocate resources to each process in some order without encountering deadlock.
[Q.4] Which page replacement algorithm suffers from Belady's Anomaly?
Belady's Anomaly is the phenomenon where increasing the number of page frames results in an increased number of page faults, which occurs in FIFO page replacement.
[Q.5] What is the function of the fork() system call in POSIX-compliant operating systems?
fork() creates a new child process by cloning the calling process's address space, file descriptors, and execution state.